Add basis for variance shadow mapping

Shader/bump.fs

@@ -60,9 +60,6 @@ vec2 get_parallax_offset_uv(vec2 uv, vec3 view_direction) {
 }
 
 float get_shadow(vec4 fragPosLightSpace, vec3 normal) {
-    // The bias varies depending on the angle to the light (the steeper the angle, the bigger the bias needs to be)
-    mediump float bias = max(0.005 * (1.0 - dot(normal, fs_in.TangentLightDir)), 0.0005);
-
     // perform perspective divide
     mediump vec3 projCoords = fragPosLightSpace.xyz / fragPosLightSpace.w;
     // transform to [0,1] range
@@ -71,14 +68,25 @@ float get_shadow(vec4 fragPosLightSpace, vec3 normal) {
     // If we're outside of [0.0, 1.0] in the coordinates, return 0
     if (projCoords.x < 0.0 || projCoords.y < 0.0 || projCoords.x > 1.0 || projCoords.y > 1.0) return 0.0;
 
+    // Variance Shadow Map Calculation
+    vec2 moments = texture(shadowMap, projCoords.xy).rg;
+
     // get closest depth value from light's perspective (using [0,1] range fragPosLight as coords)
     mediump float closestDepth = texture(shadowMap, projCoords.xy).r; 
     // get depth of current fragment from light's perspective
     mediump float currentDepth = projCoords.z;
     // check whether current frag pos is in shadow
-    mediump float shadow = currentDepth - bias > closestDepth ? 1.0 : 0.0;
+    float p = step(projCoords.z, moments.x);
+    // We divide by this later, so make sure it's not exactly 0
+    // It seems like it should always be 0.0, but due to interpolation it's not -- it increases with the deviation!
+    float variance = max(moments.y - moments.x * moments.x, 0.00002);
 
-    return shadow;
+    float d = projCoords.z - moments.x * 1.0; // bias should be "compare", what is that?
+    float p_max = variance / (variance + d * d);
+
+    // If this pixel is exactly in the light, p is 1, so make sure we return that in that case
+    // min() to make sure that it doesn't get greater than 1.0
+    return 1.0 - min(max(p, p_max), 1.0);
 }
 
 void main() {           

Shader/shadow.fs

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 
 void main()
 {      
-    // This happens implicitly anyways       
+    // The mean and the mean squared, which we need to calculate the variance
-    // gl_FragDepth = gl_FragCoord.z;
+    gl_FragColor = vec4(gl_FragCoord.z, gl_FragCoord.z * gl_FragCoord.z, 0.0, 0.0);
 }

include/Gedeng/DirectionalLight.h

@@ -17,16 +17,16 @@ class DirectionalLight {
         // Create depth texture
         glGenTextures(1, &depth_map);
         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, depth_map);
-        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, SHADOW_WIDTH, SHADOW_HEIGHT, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT,
+        // R and G with 32 bit floats: stores mean and variance
-                     NULL);
+        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RG32F, SHADOW_WIDTH, SHADOW_HEIGHT, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT, NULL);
-        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
+        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
-        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
+        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
 
         // Attach depth texture as FBO's depth buffer
         glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, depth_map_fbo);
-        glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, depth_map, 0);
+        glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, depth_map, 0);
         glDrawBuffer(GL_NONE);
         glReadBuffer(GL_NONE);
         glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ class DirectionalLight {
         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, depth_map);
         glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, SHADOW_WIDTH, SHADOW_HEIGHT, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT,
                      NULL);
-        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
+        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
-        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
+        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
 
@@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ class DirectionalLight {
     unsigned int depth_map;
     unsigned int depth_map_fbo;
 
-    const unsigned int SHADOW_WIDTH = 4096;
+    const unsigned int SHADOW_WIDTH = 2048;
-    const unsigned int SHADOW_HEIGHT = 4096;
+    const unsigned int SHADOW_HEIGHT = 2048;
 
     Gedeng::Shader shadow_shader;
 };

test/shadow-demo/main.cpp

@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ void renderQuad() {
     glBindVertexArray(0);
 }
 
-class ShadowApp : public Gedeng::Application {
+class mesh3 : public Gedeng::Application {
   public:
-    ShadowApp(unsigned long ms_per_update, unsigned int window_size_x, unsigned int window_size_y,
+    mesh3(unsigned long ms_per_update, unsigned int window_size_x, unsigned int window_size_y,
-              Gedeng::String window_name)
+          Gedeng::String window_name)
         : Application(ms_per_update, window_size_x, window_size_y, window_name), particle_interval(0.2),
           number_of_steps(10.0), number_of_refinement_steps(10.0), bump_depth(0.1),
           render_shader(Gedeng::Shader("Shader/bump.vs", "Shader/bump.fs")),
@@ -53,7 +53,9 @@ class ShadowApp : public Gedeng::Application {
           particle_tex2("Resources/Textures/Particles/magic.png", Gedeng::Texture::Settings()),
           particle_tex3("Resources/Textures/Particles/smoke.png", Gedeng::Texture::Settings()),
           quad_mesh(Gedeng::QuadMesh(10.0)), light(glm::vec3(0.57735, -0.57735, 0.57735)),
-          monkey_mesh("Resources/Meshes/Monkey.obj", Gedeng::ObjMesh::Settings()) {
+          mesh1("Resources/Meshes/Monkey.obj", Gedeng::ObjMesh::Settings()),
+          mesh2("Resources/Meshes/Monkey.obj", Gedeng::ObjMesh::Settings()),
+          mesh3("Resources/Meshes/Monkey.obj", Gedeng::ObjMesh::Settings()) {
         particles.set_position(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -10.0f));
         particles.set_velocity(glm::vec3(-2, 4, -2), glm::vec3(2, 6, 2));
         particles.set_gravity(glm::vec3(0, -4, 0));
@@ -67,10 +69,10 @@ class ShadowApp : public Gedeng::Application {
         camera.translate(glm::vec3(0.0, 2.0, 1.0));
         // camera.rotate(30, glm::vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0));
 
-        monkey_mesh.translate(glm::vec3(2.0, 3.0, -2.0));
+        mesh1.translate(glm::vec3(2.0, 3.0, -2.0));
     }
 
-    ~ShadowApp() = default;
+    ~mesh3() = default;
 
     void fixed_update(double delta) override {
         camera.update(delta);
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ class ShadowApp : public Gedeng::Application {
     void dynamic_update(double delta) override {
         // Shadows
         light.clear_shadows();
-        light.render_shadow(monkey_mesh);
+        light.render_shadow(mesh1);
         light.render_shadow(quad_mesh);
 
         glViewport(0, 0, 1920, 1080);
@@ -124,7 +126,7 @@ class ShadowApp : public Gedeng::Application {
 
         // Props
         render_shader.use();
-        monkey_mesh.render(render_shader);
+        mesh1.render(render_shader);
 
         /*         // Render the light's depth map to a quad for debugging
                 debug_shader.use();
@@ -159,10 +161,12 @@ class ShadowApp : public Gedeng::Application {
     Gedeng::ParticleSystem particles;
 
     Gedeng::DirectionalLight light;
-    Gedeng::ObjMesh monkey_mesh;
+    Gedeng::ObjMesh mesh1;
+    Gedeng::ObjMesh mesh2;
+    Gedeng::ObjMesh mesh3;
 };
 
 Gedeng::Application *Gedeng::create_application() {
     GG_CLIENT_INFO("Creating Application");
-    return new ShadowApp(20, 1920, 1080, String("Parallax Demo"));
+    return new mesh3(20, 1920, 1080, String("Parallax Demo"));
 }